Nikon D7500 vs. Nikon D3s

Comparison

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D7500 image
vs
D3s image
Nikon D7500 Nikon D3s
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Megapixels
20.90
12.10
Max. image resolution
5568 x 3712
4256 x 2832

Sensor

Sensor type
CMOS
CMOS
Sensor size
23.5 x 15.7 mm
36 x 23.9 mm
Sensor resolution
5600 x 3733
4275 x 2831
Diagonal
28.26 mm
43.21 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1 : 2.33
(ratio)
Nikon D7500 Nikon D3s
Surface area:
368.95 mm² vs 860.40 mm²
Difference: 491.45 mm² (133%)
D3s sensor is approx. 2.33x bigger than D7500 sensor.
Note: You are comparing sensors of very different generations. There is a gap of 8 years between Nikon D7500 (2017) and Nikon D3s (2009). Eight years is a lot of time in terms of technology, meaning newer sensors are overall much more efficient than the older ones.
Pixel pitch
4.2 µm
8.42 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 4.22 µm (100%)
Pixel pitch of D3s is approx. 100% higher than pixel pitch of D7500.
Pixel area
17.64 µm²
70.9 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 53.26 µm² (302%)
A pixel on Nikon D3s sensor is approx. 302% bigger than a pixel on Nikon D7500.
Pixel density
5.68 MP/cm²
1.41 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 4.27 µm (303%)
Nikon D7500 has approx. 303% higher pixel density than Nikon D3s.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Nikon D7500
Nikon D3s
Crop factor
1.53
1
Total megapixels
21.51
12.87
Effective megapixels
20.90
12.10
Optical zoom
 
Digital zoom
No
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 100 - 51200 (expandable to 50 - 1640000)
200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 12800 (100-102400 with boost)
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
Macro focus range
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
Aperture priority
Yes
Yes
Max. aperture
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
n/a
n/a
Metering
Multi, Center-weighted, Highlight-weighted, Spot
3D Matrix metering II, Centre weighted, Spot
Exposure compensation
±5 EV (in 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV steps)
±5 EV (in 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV, 1 EV steps)
Shutter priority
Yes
Yes
Min. shutter speed
30 sec
30 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/8000 sec
1/8000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Optical (pentaprism)
Optical (pentaprism)
White balance presets
12
12
Screen size
3.2"
3"
Screen resolution
921,600 dots
921,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
3840x2160 (30p/25p/24p)
Storage types
SD/SDHC/SDXC
CompactFlash type I, CompactFlash type II, Microdrive
USB
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
EN-EL15a lithium-ion rechargeable battery
Lithium-Ion EN-EL4a rechargeable battery
Weight
640 g
1240 g
Dimensions
135.5 x 104 x 72.5 mm
159.5 x 157 x 87.5 mm
Year
2017
2009




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vs

Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Nikon D7500 diagonal

w = 23.50 mm
h = 15.70 mm
Diagonal =  23.50² + 15.70²   = 28.26 mm

Nikon D3s diagonal

w = 36.00 mm
h = 23.90 mm
Diagonal =  36.00² + 23.90²   = 43.21 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

D7500 sensor area

Width = 23.50 mm
Height = 15.70 mm

Surface area = 23.50 × 15.70 = 368.95 mm²

D3s sensor area

Width = 36.00 mm
Height = 23.90 mm

Surface area = 36.00 × 23.90 = 860.40 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

D7500 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 23.50 mm
Sensor resolution width = 5600 pixels
Pixel pitch =   23.50  × 1000  = 4.2 µm
5600

D3s pixel pitch

Sensor width = 36.00 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4275 pixels
Pixel pitch =   36.00  × 1000  = 8.42 µm
4275


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

D7500 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 4.2 µm

Pixel area = 4.2² = 17.64 µm²

D3s pixel area

Pixel pitch = 8.42 µm

Pixel area = 8.42² = 70.9 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

D7500 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 5600 pixels
Sensor width = 2.35 cm

Pixel density = (5600 / 2.35)² / 1000000 = 5.68 MP/cm²

D3s pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4275 pixels
Sensor width = 3.6 cm

Pixel density = (4275 / 3.6)² / 1000000 = 1.41 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

D7500 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 23.50 mm
Sensor height = 15.70 mm
Effective megapixels = 20.90
r = 23.50/15.70 = 1.5
X =  20.90 × 1000000  = 3733
1.5
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3733 × 1.5 = 5600
Resolution vertical: X = 3733

Sensor resolution = 5600 x 3733

D3s sensor resolution

Sensor width = 36.00 mm
Sensor height = 23.90 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.10
r = 36.00/23.90 = 1.51
X =  12.10 × 1000000  = 2831
1.51
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2831 × 1.51 = 4275
Resolution vertical: X = 2831

Sensor resolution = 4275 x 2831


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


D7500 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 28.26 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1.53
28.26

D3s crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 43.21 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1
43.21

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

D7500 equivalent aperture

Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for fixed lens cameras. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Nikon D7500, take the aperture of the lens you're using and multiply it with crop factor.

Crop factor for Nikon D7500 is 1.53

D3s equivalent aperture

Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for fixed lens cameras. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Nikon D3s, take the aperture of the lens you're using and multiply it with crop factor.

Since crop factor for Nikon D3s is 1, the equivalent aperture is aperture.

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