Canon PowerShot SD400 vs. Nikon Coolpix S33

Comparison

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Canon PowerShot SD400

Nikon Coolpix S33

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Megapixels

5.00

13.20

Max. image resolution

2592 x 1944

4160 x 3120

Sensor

Sensor type

CCD

CMOS

Sensor size

1/2.5" (~ 5.75 x 4.32 mm)

1/3" (~ 4.8 x 3.6 mm)

Sensor resolution

2579 x 1939

4190 x 3150

Diagonal

7.19 mm

6.00 mm

Sensor size comparison

Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »

	vs
1.44	:	1
(ratio)

Canon PowerShot SD400		Nikon Coolpix S33

Surface area:

24.84 mm²

17.28 mm²

Difference: 7.56 mm² (44%)

SD400 sensor is approx. 1.44x bigger than S33 sensor.

Note: You are comparing sensors of very different generations. There is a gap of 10 years between Canon SD400 (2005) and Nikon S33 (2015). Ten years is a lot of time in terms of technology, meaning newer sensors are overall much more efficient than the older ones.

Pixel pitch

2.23 µm

1.15 µm

Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.

Difference: 1.08 µm (94%)

Pixel pitch of SD400 is approx. 94% higher than pixel pitch of S33.

Pixel area

4.97 µm²

1.32 µm²

Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.

Relative pixel sizes:

Pixel area difference: 3.65 µm² (277%)

A pixel on Canon SD400 sensor is approx. 277% bigger than a pixel on Nikon S33.

Pixel density

20.12 MP/cm²

76.2 MP/cm²

Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.

Difference: 56.08 µm (279%)

Nikon S33 has approx. 279% higher pixel density than Canon SD400.

To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.

Specs

Canon SD400

Nikon S33

Crop factor

6.02

7.21

Total megapixels

5.20

14.17

Effective megapixels

5.00

13.20

Optical zoom

Digital zoom

Yes

ISO sensitivity

Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400

Auto, 125-1600

RAW

Manual focus

Normal focus range

50 cm

5 cm

Macro focus range

3 cm

5 cm

Focal length (35mm equiv.)

35 - 105 mm

30 - 90 mm

Aperture priority

Max. aperture

f2.8 - f4.9

f3.3 - f5.9

Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)

f16.9 - f29.5

f23.8 - f42.5

Metering

Multi, Center-weighted, Spot

Exposure compensation

±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)

Shutter priority

Min. shutter speed

15 sec

4 sec

Max. shutter speed

1/1500 sec

1/2000 sec

Built-in flash

External flash

Viewfinder

Optical (tunnel)

None

White balance presets

Screen size

2.7"

Screen resolution

118,000 dots

230,000 dots

Video capture

Max. video resolution

1920x1080 (30p)

Storage types

SD card

SD/SDHC/SDXC

USB

USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)

HDMI

Wireless

GPS

Battery

Lithium-Ion NB-4L battery

Li-ion Battery EN-EL19

Weight

150 g

180 g

Dimensions

86 x 53 x 21 mm

109.5 x 67 x 37.6 mm

Year

2005

2015

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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:

Diagonal = √

w² + h²

where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Canon SD400 diagonal

The diagonal of SD400 sensor is not 1/2.5 or 0.4" (10.2 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.19 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 5.75 mm
h = 4.32 mm

Diagonal = √

5.75² + 4.32²

= 7.19 mm

Nikon S33 diagonal

The diagonal of S33 sensor is not 1/3 or 0.33" (8.5 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 6 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 4.80 mm
h = 3.60 mm

Diagonal = √

4.80² + 3.60²

= 6.00 mm

Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

SD400 sensor area

Width = 5.75 mm
Height = 4.32 mm

Surface area = 5.75 × 4.32 = 24.84 mm²

S33 sensor area

Width = 4.80 mm
Height = 3.60 mm

Surface area = 4.80 × 3.60 = 17.28 mm²

Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:

Pixel pitch =	sensor width in mm	× 1000
	sensor resolution width in pixels

SD400 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2579 pixels

Pixel pitch =	5.75	× 1000	= 2.23 µm
	2579

S33 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 4.80 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4190 pixels

Pixel pitch =	4.80	× 1000	= 1.15 µm
	4190

Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:

Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:

Pixel area =	sensor surface area in mm²
	effective megapixels

SD400 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 2.23 µm

Pixel area = 2.23² = 4.97 µm²

S33 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.15 µm

Pixel area = 1.15² = 1.32 µm²

Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:

Pixel density = (	sensor resolution width in pixels	)² / 1000000
	sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:

Pixel density =	effective megapixels × 1000000	/ 10000
	sensor surface area in mm²

SD400 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 2579 pixels
Sensor width = 0.575 cm

Pixel density = (2579 / 0.575)² / 1000000 = 20.12 MP/cm²

S33 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4190 pixels
Sensor width = 0.48 cm

Pixel density = (4190 / 0.48)² / 1000000 = 76.2 MP/cm²

Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:

(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000 →

X = √	effective megapixels × 1000000
	r

3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

SD400 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor height = 4.32 mm
Effective megapixels = 5.00

r = 5.75/4.32 = 1.33

X = √	5.00 × 1000000	= 1939
	1.33

Resolution horizontal: X × r = 1939 × 1.33 = 2579
Resolution vertical: X = 1939

Sensor resolution = 2579 x 1939

S33 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 4.80 mm
Sensor height = 3.60 mm
Effective megapixels = 13.20

r = 4.80/3.60 = 1.33

X = √	13.20 × 1000000	= 3150
	1.33

Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3150 × 1.33 = 4190
Resolution vertical: X = 3150

Sensor resolution = 4190 x 3150

Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.

Crop factor =	43.27 mm
	sensor diagonal in mm

SD400 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.19 mm

Crop factor =	43.27	= 6.02
	7.19

S33 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 6.00 mm

Crop factor =	43.27	= 7.21
	6.00

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

SD400 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 6.02
Aperture = f2.8 - f4.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.8 - f4.9) × 6.02 = f16.9 - f29.5

S33 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 7.21
Aperture = f3.3 - f5.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3.3 - f5.9) × 7.21 = f23.8 - f42.5

More comparisons of Canon SD400:

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