Fujifilm FinePix X100 vs. Nikon D3100

Comparison

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FinePix X100 image
vs
D3100 image
Fujifilm FinePix X100 Nikon D3100
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Megapixels
12.30
14.20
Max. image resolution
4288 x 2848
4608 x 3072

Sensor

Sensor type
CMOS
CMOS
Sensor size
23.6 x 15.8 mm
23.1 x 15.4 mm
Sensor resolution
4281 x 2873
4616 x 3077
Diagonal
28.40 mm
27.76 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1.05 : 1
(ratio)
Fujifilm FinePix X100 Nikon D3100
Surface area:
372.88 mm² vs 355.74 mm²
Difference: 17.14 mm² (5%)
X100 sensor is slightly bigger than D3100 sensor (only 5% difference).
Pixel pitch
5.51 µm
5 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 0.51 µm (10%)
Pixel pitch of X100 is approx. 10% higher than pixel pitch of D3100.
Pixel area
30.36 µm²
25 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 5.36 µm² (21%)
A pixel on Fujifilm X100 sensor is approx. 21% bigger than a pixel on Nikon D3100.
Pixel density
3.29 MP/cm²
3.99 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 0.7 µm (21%)
Nikon D3100 has approx. 21% higher pixel density than Fujifilm X100.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Fujifilm X100
Nikon D3100
Crop factor
1.52
1.56
Total megapixels
14.80
Effective megapixels
12.30
14.20
Optical zoom
1x
Digital zoom
Yes
No
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400 (expandable to 100-12800)
Auto, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 (12800 with boost)
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
80 cm
Macro focus range
10 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
35 mm
Aperture priority
Yes
Yes
Max. aperture
f2.0
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
f3
n/a
Metering
Centre weighted, Multi-pattern, Spot
Multi, Center-weighted, Average
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±5 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
Yes
Yes
Min. shutter speed
30 sec
30 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/4000 sec
1/4000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Electronic and Optical (tunnel)
Optical (pentamirror)
White balance presets
7
12
Screen size
2.8"
3"
Screen resolution
460,000 dots
230,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
1280x720 (24p)
1920x1080 (24p)
Storage types
SDHC, SDXC, Secure Digital
SDHC, SDXC, Secure Digital
USB
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Lithium-Ion NP-95 rechargeable battery
Lithium-Ion EN-EL14 rechargeable battery
Weight
445 g
505 g
Dimensions
127 x 75 x 54 mm
124 x 96 x 75 mm
Year
2010
2010




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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Fujifilm X100 diagonal

w = 23.60 mm
h = 15.80 mm
Diagonal =  23.60² + 15.80²   = 28.40 mm

Nikon D3100 diagonal

w = 23.10 mm
h = 15.40 mm
Diagonal =  23.10² + 15.40²   = 27.76 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

X100 sensor area

Width = 23.60 mm
Height = 15.80 mm

Surface area = 23.60 × 15.80 = 372.88 mm²

D3100 sensor area

Width = 23.10 mm
Height = 15.40 mm

Surface area = 23.10 × 15.40 = 355.74 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

X100 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 23.60 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4281 pixels
Pixel pitch =   23.60  × 1000  = 5.51 µm
4281

D3100 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 23.10 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4616 pixels
Pixel pitch =   23.10  × 1000  = 5 µm
4616


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

X100 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 5.51 µm

Pixel area = 5.51² = 30.36 µm²

D3100 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 5 µm

Pixel area = 5² = 25 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

X100 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4281 pixels
Sensor width = 2.36 cm

Pixel density = (4281 / 2.36)² / 1000000 = 3.29 MP/cm²

D3100 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4616 pixels
Sensor width = 2.31 cm

Pixel density = (4616 / 2.31)² / 1000000 = 3.99 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

X100 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 23.60 mm
Sensor height = 15.80 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.30
r = 23.60/15.80 = 1.49
X =  12.30 × 1000000  = 2873
1.49
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2873 × 1.49 = 4281
Resolution vertical: X = 2873

Sensor resolution = 4281 x 2873

D3100 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 23.10 mm
Sensor height = 15.40 mm
Effective megapixels = 14.20
r = 23.10/15.40 = 1.5
X =  14.20 × 1000000  = 3077
1.5
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3077 × 1.5 = 4616
Resolution vertical: X = 3077

Sensor resolution = 4616 x 3077


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


X100 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 28.40 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1.52
28.40

D3100 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 27.76 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1.56
27.76

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

X100 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 1.52
Aperture = f2.0

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.0) × 1.52 = f3

D3100 equivalent aperture

Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for fixed lens cameras. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Nikon D3100, take the aperture of the lens you're using and multiply it with crop factor.

Crop factor for Nikon D3100 is 1.56

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