Nikon Coolpix P7800 vs. Canon PowerShot G12

Comparison

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Coolpix P7800 image
vs
PowerShot G12 image
Nikon Coolpix P7800 Canon PowerShot G12
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Megapixels
12.20
10.00
Max. image resolution
4000 x 3000
3648 x 2736

Sensor

Sensor type
CMOS
CCD
Sensor size
1/1.7" (~ 7.53 x 5.64 mm)
1/1.7" (~ 7.53 x 5.64 mm)
Sensor resolution
4043 x 3017
3661 x 2732
Diagonal
9.41 mm
9.41 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1 : 1
(ratio)
Nikon Coolpix P7800 Canon PowerShot G12
Surface area:
42.47 mm² vs 42.47 mm²
Difference: 0 mm² (0%)
P7800 and G12 sensors are the same size.
Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 3 year gap between Nikon P7800 (2013) and Canon G12 (2010). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.
Pixel pitch
1.86 µm
2.06 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 0.2 µm (11%)
Pixel pitch of G12 is approx. 11% higher than pixel pitch of P7800.
Pixel area
3.46 µm²
4.24 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 0.78 µm² (23%)
A pixel on Canon G12 sensor is approx. 23% bigger than a pixel on Nikon P7800.
Pixel density
28.83 MP/cm²
23.64 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 5.19 µm (22%)
Nikon P7800 has approx. 22% higher pixel density than Canon G12.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Nikon P7800
Canon G12
Crop factor
4.6
4.6
Total megapixels
12.80
10.40
Effective megapixels
12.20
10.00
Optical zoom
7.1x
5x
Digital zoom
Yes
Yes
ISO sensitivity
80, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, (3200 and Hi 1=6400)
Auto, 80 - 3200
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
50 cm
35 cm
Macro focus range
2 cm
1 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
28 - 200 mm
28 - 140 mm
Aperture priority
Yes
Yes
Max. aperture
f2.0 - f4.0
f2.8 - f4.5
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
f9.2 - f18.4
f12.9 - f20.7
Metering
Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Centre weighted, Evaluative, Spot
Exposure compensation
±3 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
Yes
Yes
Min. shutter speed
60 sec
15 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/4000 sec
1/4000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Electronic
Optical (tunnel)
White balance presets
7
8
Screen size
3"
2.8"
Screen resolution
921,000 dots
461,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
Storage types
SD/SDHC/SDXC
SDHC, SDXC, Secure Digital
USB
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Nikon EN-EL14 Lithium-Ion
Lithium-Ion NB-7L rechargeable battery
Weight
399 g
355 g
Dimensions
118.5 x 77.5 x 50.4 mm
112 x 76 x 48 mm
Year
2013
2010




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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Nikon P7800 diagonal

The diagonal of P7800 sensor is not 1/1.7 or 0.59" (14.9 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 9.41 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 7.53 mm
h = 5.64 mm
Diagonal =  7.53² + 5.64²   = 9.41 mm

Canon G12 diagonal

The diagonal of G12 sensor is not 1/1.7 or 0.59" (14.9 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 9.41 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 7.53 mm
h = 5.64 mm
Diagonal =  7.53² + 5.64²   = 9.41 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

P7800 sensor area

Width = 7.53 mm
Height = 5.64 mm

Surface area = 7.53 × 5.64 = 42.47 mm²

G12 sensor area

Width = 7.53 mm
Height = 5.64 mm

Surface area = 7.53 × 5.64 = 42.47 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

P7800 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 7.53 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4043 pixels
Pixel pitch =   7.53  × 1000  = 1.86 µm
4043

G12 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 7.53 mm
Sensor resolution width = 3661 pixels
Pixel pitch =   7.53  × 1000  = 2.06 µm
3661


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

P7800 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.86 µm

Pixel area = 1.86² = 3.46 µm²

G12 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 2.06 µm

Pixel area = 2.06² = 4.24 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

P7800 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4043 pixels
Sensor width = 0.753 cm

Pixel density = (4043 / 0.753)² / 1000000 = 28.83 MP/cm²

G12 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 3661 pixels
Sensor width = 0.753 cm

Pixel density = (3661 / 0.753)² / 1000000 = 23.64 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

P7800 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 7.53 mm
Sensor height = 5.64 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.20
r = 7.53/5.64 = 1.34
X =  12.20 × 1000000  = 3017
1.34
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3017 × 1.34 = 4043
Resolution vertical: X = 3017

Sensor resolution = 4043 x 3017

G12 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 7.53 mm
Sensor height = 5.64 mm
Effective megapixels = 10.00
r = 7.53/5.64 = 1.34
X =  10.00 × 1000000  = 2732
1.34
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2732 × 1.34 = 3661
Resolution vertical: X = 2732

Sensor resolution = 3661 x 2732


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


P7800 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 9.41 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 4.6
9.41

G12 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 9.41 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 4.6
9.41

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

P7800 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 4.6
Aperture = f2.0 - f4.0

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.0 - f4.0) × 4.6 = f9.2 - f18.4

G12 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 4.6
Aperture = f2.8 - f4.5

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.8 - f4.5) × 4.6 = f12.9 - f20.7

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