Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX78 vs. Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W830

Comparison

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Lumix DMC-FX78 image
vs
Cyber-shot DSC-W830 image
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX78 Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W830
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Megapixels
12.10
20.10
Max. image resolution
4000 x 3000
5152 x 3864

Sensor

Sensor type
CCD
CCD
Sensor size
1/2.33" (~ 6.08 x 4.56 mm)
1/2.3" (~ 6.16 x 4.62 mm)
Sensor resolution
4011 x 3016
5171 x 3888
Diagonal
7.60 mm
7.70 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1 : 1.03
(ratio)
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX78 Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W830
Surface area:
27.72 mm² vs 28.46 mm²
Difference: 0.74 mm² (3%)
W830 sensor is slightly bigger than FX78 sensor (only 3% difference).
Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 3 year gap between Panasonic FX78 (2011) and Sony W830 (2014). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.
Pixel pitch
1.52 µm
1.19 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 0.33 µm (28%)
Pixel pitch of FX78 is approx. 28% higher than pixel pitch of W830.
Pixel area
2.31 µm²
1.42 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 0.89 µm² (63%)
A pixel on Panasonic FX78 sensor is approx. 63% bigger than a pixel on Sony W830.
Pixel density
43.52 MP/cm²
70.47 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 26.95 µm (62%)
Sony W830 has approx. 62% higher pixel density than Panasonic FX78.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Panasonic FX78
Sony W830
Crop factor
5.69
5.62
Total megapixels
12.50
20.50
Effective megapixels
12.10
20.10
Optical zoom
5x
8x
Digital zoom
Yes
Yes
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 - 6400
Auto, 80, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
50 cm
Macro focus range
3 cm
5 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
24 - 120 mm
25 - 200 mm
Aperture priority
No
No
Max. aperture
f2.5 - f5.9
f3.3 - f6.3
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
f14.2 - f33.6
f18.5 - f35.4
Metering
Intelligent Multiple
Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
No
No
Min. shutter speed
60 sec
2 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/4000 sec
1/1600 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
None
None
White balance presets
4
6
Screen size
3.5"
2.7"
Screen resolution
230,000 dots
230,400 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
1280x720 (30p)
Storage types
SDHC, SDXC, Secure Digital
SD, SDHC, SDXC, Memory Stick Duo/Pro Duo/Pro-HG Duo
USB
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery
Rechargeable Battery NP-BN
Weight
142 g
120 g
Dimensions
100 x 55 x 21 mm
93.1 x 52.5 x 22.5 mm
Year
2011
2014




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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal = √  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Panasonic FX78 diagonal

The diagonal of FX78 sensor is not 1/2.33 or 0.43" (10.9 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.6 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 6.08 mm
h = 4.56 mm
Diagonal = √  6.08² + 4.56²   = 7.60 mm

Sony W830 diagonal

The diagonal of W830 sensor is not 1/2.3 or 0.43" (11 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.7 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 6.16 mm
h = 4.62 mm
Diagonal = √  6.16² + 4.62²   = 7.70 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

FX78 sensor area

Width = 6.08 mm
Height = 4.56 mm

Surface area = 6.08 × 4.56 = 27.72 mm²

W830 sensor area

Width = 6.16 mm
Height = 4.62 mm

Surface area = 6.16 × 4.62 = 28.46 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

FX78 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 6.08 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4011 pixels
Pixel pitch =   6.08  × 1000  = 1.52 µm
4011

W830 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor resolution width = 5171 pixels
Pixel pitch =   6.16  × 1000  = 1.19 µm
5171


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

FX78 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.52 µm

Pixel area = 1.52² = 2.31 µm²

W830 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.19 µm

Pixel area = 1.19² = 1.42 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

FX78 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4011 pixels
Sensor width = 0.608 cm

Pixel density = (4011 / 0.608)² / 1000000 = 43.52 MP/cm²

W830 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 5171 pixels
Sensor width = 0.616 cm

Pixel density = (5171 / 0.616)² / 1000000 = 70.47 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X = √  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

FX78 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 6.08 mm
Sensor height = 4.56 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.10
r = 6.08/4.56 = 1.33
X = √  12.10 × 1000000  = 3016
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3016 × 1.33 = 4011
Resolution vertical: X = 3016

Sensor resolution = 4011 x 3016

W830 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor height = 4.62 mm
Effective megapixels = 20.10
r = 6.16/4.62 = 1.33
X = √  20.10 × 1000000  = 3888
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3888 × 1.33 = 5171
Resolution vertical: X = 3888

Sensor resolution = 5171 x 3888


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


FX78 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.60 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 5.69
7.60

W830 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.70 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 5.62
7.70

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

FX78 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 5.69
Aperture = f2.5 - f5.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.5 - f5.9) × 5.69 = f14.2 - f33.6

W830 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 5.62
Aperture = f3.3 - f6.3

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3.3 - f6.3) × 5.62 = f18.5 - f35.4

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