Canon PowerShot S400 DIGITAL ELPH

Specs

Brand: Canon
Model: PowerShot S400 DIGITAL ELPH
Megapixels: 4.00
Sensor: 1/1.8" (~ 7.11 x 5.33 mm)
Price: check here »

Sensor info

Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH comes with a 1/1.8" (~ 7.11 x 5.33 mm) CCD sensor, which has a diagonal of 8.89 mm (0.35") and a surface area of 37.90 mm².
Diagonal
8.89 mm
Surface area
37.9 mm²
Pixel pitch
3.08 µm
Pixel area
9.49 µm²
Pixel density
10.52 MP/cm²
If you want to know about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
This is the actual size of the S400 DIGITAL ELPH sensor: ~7.11 x 5.33 mm
The sensor has a surface area of 37.9 mm². There are approx. 4,000,000 photosites (pixels) on this area. Pixel pitch, which is a measure of the distance between pixels, is 3.08 µm. Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next.

Pixel or photosite area is 9.49 µm². The larger the photosite, the more light it can capture and the more information can be recorded.

Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor. Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH has a pixel density of 10.52 MP/cm².

These numbers are important in terms of assessing the overall quality of a digital camera. Generally, the bigger (and newer) the sensor, pixel pitch and photosite area, and the smaller the pixel density, the better the camera. If you want to see how S400 DIGITAL ELPH compares to other cameras, click here.



Specifications

Brand: Canon
Model: PowerShot S400 DIGITAL ELPH
Also known as: Digital IXUS 400 (US), IXY DIGITAL 400 (Japan)
Effective megapixels: 4.00
Total megapixels: 4.10
Sensor size: 1/1.8" (~ 7.11 x 5.33 mm)
Sensor type: CCD
Sensor resolution: 2306 x 1734
Max. image resolution: 2272 x 1704
Crop factor: 4.87
Optical zoom: 3x
Digital zoom: Yes
ISO: Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400
RAW support:
Manual focus:
Normal focus range: 46 cm
Macro focus range: 5 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.): 36 - 108 mm
Aperture priority: No
Max aperture: f2.8 - f4.9
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.): f13.6 - f23.9
Depth of field: simulate →
Metering: Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Exposure Compensation: ±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority: No
Min. shutter speed: 15 sec
Max. shutter speed: 1/2000 sec
Built-in flash:
External flash:
Viewfinder: Optical (tunnel)
White balance presets: 6
Screen size: 1.5"
Screen resolution: 118,000 dots
Video capture:
Storage types: Compact Flash (Type I)
USB: USB 1.0
HDMI:
Wireless:
GPS:
Battery: Canon NB-L1H 840 mAh Lithium-Ion
Weight: 230 g
Dimensions: 87 x 57 x 28 mm
Year: 2003

Compare S400 DIGITAL ELPH with another camera

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Diagonal

The diagonal of S400 DIGITAL ELPH sensor is not 1/1.8 or 0.56" (14.1 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 0.35" (8.89 mm). If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height


Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH diagonal:

w = 7.11 mm
h = 5.33 mm
Diagonal =  7.11² + 5.33²   = 8.89 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

Width = 7.11 mm
Height = 5.33 mm

Surface area = 7.11 × 5.33 = 37.90 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH pixel pitch:

Sensor width = 7.11 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2306 pixels
Pixel pitch =   7.11  × 1000  = 3.08 µm
2306


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH pixel area:

Pixel pitch = 3.08 µm

Pixel area = 3.08² = 9.49 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

You could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH pixel density:

Sensor resolution width = 2306 pixels
Sensor width = 0.711 cm

Pixel density = (2306 / 0.711)² / 1000000 = 10.52 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

Canon PowerShot S400 DIGITAL ELPH sensor resolution:

Sensor width = 7.11 mm
Sensor height = 5.33 mm
Effective megapixels = 4.00
r = 7.11/5.33 = 1.33
X =  4.00 × 1000000  = 1734
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 1734 × 1.33 = 2306
Resolution vertical: X = 1734

Sensor resolution = 2306 x 1734


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


Canon S400 DIGITAL ELPH crop factor:

Sensor diagonal = 8.89 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 4.87
8.89

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

Canon PowerShot S400 DIGITAL ELPH equivalent aperture:

Crop factor = 4.87
Aperture = f2.8 - f4.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.8 - f4.9) × 4.87 = f13.6 - f23.9


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