Canon EOS 10D vs. Canon EOS 7D

Comparison

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EOS 10D image
vs
EOS 7D image
Canon EOS 10D Canon EOS 7D
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Megapixels
6.30
18.00
Max. image resolution
3072 x 2048
5184 x 3456

Sensor

Sensor type
CMOS
CMOS
Sensor size
22.7 x 15.1 mm
22.3 x 14.9 mm
Sensor resolution
3074 x 2049
5196 x 3464
Diagonal
27.26 mm
26.82 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1.03 : 1
(ratio)
Canon EOS 10D Canon EOS 7D
Surface area:
342.77 mm² vs 332.27 mm²
Difference: 10.5 mm² (3%)
10D sensor is slightly bigger than 7D sensor (only 3% difference).
Note: You are comparing sensors of very different generations. There is a gap of 6 years between Canon 10D (2003) and Canon 7D (2009). Six years is a lot of time in terms of technology, meaning newer sensors are overall much more efficient than the older ones.
Pixel pitch
7.38 µm
4.29 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 3.09 µm (72%)
Pixel pitch of 10D is approx. 72% higher than pixel pitch of 7D.
Pixel area
54.46 µm²
18.4 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 36.06 µm² (196%)
A pixel on Canon 10D sensor is approx. 196% bigger than a pixel on Canon 7D.
Pixel density
1.83 MP/cm²
5.43 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 3.6 µm (197%)
Canon 7D has approx. 197% higher pixel density than Canon 10D.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Canon 10D
Canon 7D
Crop factor
1.59
1.61
Total megapixels
6.30
19.00
Effective megapixels
6.30
18.00
Optical zoom
Digital zoom
No
No
ISO sensitivity
100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 (H)
Auto, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, (12800 with boost)
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
Macro focus range
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
Aperture priority
Yes
Yes
Max. aperture
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
n/a
n/a
Metering
Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Centre weighted, Evaluative, Spot, Spot-AF
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV steps)
±5 EV (in 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV steps)
Shutter priority
Yes
Yes
Min. shutter speed
30 sec
30 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/4000 sec
1/8000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Optical (pentaprism)
Optical (pentaprism)
White balance presets
6
6
Screen size
1.8"
3"
Screen resolution
118,000 dots
920,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
1920x1080 (30p/25p/24p)
Storage types
Compact Flash (Type I or II)
CompactFlash type I, CompactFlash type II, Microdrive
USB
USB 1.0
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Canon Lithium-Ion
Lithium-Ion LP-E6 rechargeable battery
Weight
875 g
860 g
Dimensions
150 x 107 x 75 mm
148.2 x 110 x 73.5 mm
Year
2003
2009




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vs

Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Canon 10D diagonal

w = 22.70 mm
h = 15.10 mm
Diagonal =  22.70² + 15.10²   = 27.26 mm

Canon 7D diagonal

w = 22.30 mm
h = 14.90 mm
Diagonal =  22.30² + 14.90²   = 26.82 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

10D sensor area

Width = 22.70 mm
Height = 15.10 mm

Surface area = 22.70 × 15.10 = 342.77 mm²

7D sensor area

Width = 22.30 mm
Height = 14.90 mm

Surface area = 22.30 × 14.90 = 332.27 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

10D pixel pitch

Sensor width = 22.70 mm
Sensor resolution width = 3074 pixels
Pixel pitch =   22.70  × 1000  = 7.38 µm
3074

7D pixel pitch

Sensor width = 22.30 mm
Sensor resolution width = 5196 pixels
Pixel pitch =   22.30  × 1000  = 4.29 µm
5196


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

10D pixel area

Pixel pitch = 7.38 µm

Pixel area = 7.38² = 54.46 µm²

7D pixel area

Pixel pitch = 4.29 µm

Pixel area = 4.29² = 18.4 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

10D pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 3074 pixels
Sensor width = 2.27 cm

Pixel density = (3074 / 2.27)² / 1000000 = 1.83 MP/cm²

7D pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 5196 pixels
Sensor width = 2.23 cm

Pixel density = (5196 / 2.23)² / 1000000 = 5.43 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

10D sensor resolution

Sensor width = 22.70 mm
Sensor height = 15.10 mm
Effective megapixels = 6.30
r = 22.70/15.10 = 1.5
X =  6.30 × 1000000  = 2049
1.5
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2049 × 1.5 = 3074
Resolution vertical: X = 2049

Sensor resolution = 3074 x 2049

7D sensor resolution

Sensor width = 22.30 mm
Sensor height = 14.90 mm
Effective megapixels = 18.00
r = 22.30/14.90 = 1.5
X =  18.00 × 1000000  = 3464
1.5
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3464 × 1.5 = 5196
Resolution vertical: X = 3464

Sensor resolution = 5196 x 3464


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


10D crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 27.26 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1.59
27.26

7D crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 26.82 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1.61
26.82

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

10D equivalent aperture

Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for fixed lens cameras. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Canon 10D, take the aperture of the lens you're using and multiply it with crop factor.

Crop factor for Canon 10D is 1.59

7D equivalent aperture

Aperture is a lens characteristic, so it's calculated only for fixed lens cameras. If you want to know the equivalent aperture for Canon 7D, take the aperture of the lens you're using and multiply it with crop factor.

Crop factor for Canon 7D is 1.61

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