Canon PowerShot SD400 vs. Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark II

Comparison

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PowerShot SD400 image
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PowerShot G1 X Mark II image
Canon PowerShot SD400 Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark II
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Megapixels
5.00
12.80
Max. image resolution
2592 x 1944
4160 x 3120

Sensor

Sensor type
CCD
CMOS
Sensor size
1/2.5" (~ 5.75 x 4.32 mm)
1.5" (~ 18.7 x 14 mm)
Sensor resolution
2579 x 1939
4142 x 3091
Diagonal
7.19 mm
23.36 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1 : 10.54
(ratio)
Canon PowerShot SD400 Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark II
Surface area:
24.84 mm² vs 261.80 mm²
Difference: 236.96 mm² (954%)
G1 X Mark II sensor is approx. 10.54x bigger than SD400 sensor.
Note: You are comparing sensors of very different generations. There is a gap of 9 years between Canon SD400 (2005) and Canon G1 X Mark II (2014). Nine years is a lot of time in terms of technology, meaning newer sensors are overall much more efficient than the older ones.
Pixel pitch
2.23 µm
4.51 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 2.28 µm (102%)
Pixel pitch of G1 X Mark II is approx. 102% higher than pixel pitch of SD400.
Pixel area
4.97 µm²
20.34 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 15.37 µm² (309%)
A pixel on Canon G1 X Mark II sensor is approx. 309% bigger than a pixel on Canon SD400.
Pixel density
20.12 MP/cm²
4.91 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 15.21 µm (310%)
Canon SD400 has approx. 310% higher pixel density than Canon G1 X Mark II.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Canon SD400
Canon G1 X Mark II
Crop factor
6.02
1.85
Total megapixels
5.20
15.00
Effective megapixels
5.00
12.80
Optical zoom
3x
5x
Digital zoom
Yes
Yes
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400
Auto, 100-12800
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
50 cm
5 cm
Macro focus range
3 cm
5 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
35 - 105 mm
24 - 120 mm
Aperture priority
No
Yes
Max. aperture
f2.8 - f4.9
f2.0 - f3.9
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
f16.9 - f29.5
f3.7 - f7.2
Metering
Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±3 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
No
Yes
Min. shutter speed
15 sec
60 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/1500 sec
1/4000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Optical (tunnel)
Electronic (optional)
White balance presets
5
8
Screen size
2"
3"
Screen resolution
118,000 dots
1,040,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
1920x1080 (30p)
Storage types
SD card
SD/SDHC/SDXC
USB
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Lithium-Ion NB-4L battery
Battery Pack NB-12L
Weight
150 g
553 g
Dimensions
86 x 53 x 21 mm
116.3 x 74.0 x 66.2 mm
Year
2005
2014




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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Canon SD400 diagonal

The diagonal of SD400 sensor is not 1/2.5 or 0.4" (10.2 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.19 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 5.75 mm
h = 4.32 mm
Diagonal =  5.75² + 4.32²   = 7.19 mm

Canon G1 X Mark II diagonal

The diagonal of G1 X Mark II sensor is not 1.5" (38.1 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 23.36 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 18.70 mm
h = 14.00 mm
Diagonal =  18.70² + 14.00²   = 23.36 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

SD400 sensor area

Width = 5.75 mm
Height = 4.32 mm

Surface area = 5.75 × 4.32 = 24.84 mm²

G1 X Mark II sensor area

Width = 18.70 mm
Height = 14.00 mm

Surface area = 18.70 × 14.00 = 261.80 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

SD400 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2579 pixels
Pixel pitch =   5.75  × 1000  = 2.23 µm
2579

G1 X Mark II pixel pitch

Sensor width = 18.70 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4142 pixels
Pixel pitch =   18.70  × 1000  = 4.51 µm
4142


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

SD400 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 2.23 µm

Pixel area = 2.23² = 4.97 µm²

G1 X Mark II pixel area

Pixel pitch = 4.51 µm

Pixel area = 4.51² = 20.34 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

SD400 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 2579 pixels
Sensor width = 0.575 cm

Pixel density = (2579 / 0.575)² / 1000000 = 20.12 MP/cm²

G1 X Mark II pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4142 pixels
Sensor width = 1.87 cm

Pixel density = (4142 / 1.87)² / 1000000 = 4.91 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

SD400 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor height = 4.32 mm
Effective megapixels = 5.00
r = 5.75/4.32 = 1.33
X =  5.00 × 1000000  = 1939
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 1939 × 1.33 = 2579
Resolution vertical: X = 1939

Sensor resolution = 2579 x 1939

G1 X Mark II sensor resolution

Sensor width = 18.70 mm
Sensor height = 14.00 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.80
r = 18.70/14.00 = 1.34
X =  12.80 × 1000000  = 3091
1.34
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3091 × 1.34 = 4142
Resolution vertical: X = 3091

Sensor resolution = 4142 x 3091


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


SD400 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.19 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 6.02
7.19

G1 X Mark II crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 23.36 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 1.85
23.36

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

SD400 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 6.02
Aperture = f2.8 - f4.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.8 - f4.9) × 6.02 = f16.9 - f29.5

G1 X Mark II equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 1.85
Aperture = f2.0 - f3.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.0 - f3.9) × 1.85 = f3.7 - f7.2

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