Canon PowerShot SD450 vs. Canon PowerShot A3100 IS

Comparison

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Canon PowerShot SD450

Canon PowerShot A3100 IS

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Megapixels

5.00

12.10

Max. image resolution

2592 x 1944

4000 x 3000

Sensor

Sensor type

CCD

Sensor size

1/2.5" (~ 5.75 x 4.32 mm)

1/2.3" (~ 6.16 x 4.62 mm)

Sensor resolution

2579 x 1939

4011 x 3016

Diagonal

7.19 mm

7.70 mm

Sensor size comparison

Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »

	vs
1	:	1.15
(ratio)

Canon PowerShot SD450		Canon PowerShot A3100 IS

Surface area:

24.84 mm²

28.46 mm²

Difference: 3.62 mm² (15%)

A3100 IS sensor is approx. 1.15x bigger than SD450 sensor.

Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 5 year gap between Canon SD450 (2005) and Canon A3100 IS (2010). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.

Pixel pitch

2.23 µm

1.54 µm

Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.

Difference: 0.69 µm (45%)

Pixel pitch of SD450 is approx. 45% higher than pixel pitch of A3100 IS.

Pixel area

4.97 µm²

2.37 µm²

Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.

Relative pixel sizes:

Pixel area difference: 2.6 µm² (110%)

A pixel on Canon SD450 sensor is approx. 110% bigger than a pixel on Canon A3100 IS.

Pixel density

20.12 MP/cm²

42.4 MP/cm²

Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.

Difference: 22.28 µm (111%)

Canon A3100 IS has approx. 111% higher pixel density than Canon SD450.

To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.

Specs

Canon SD450

Canon A3100 IS

Crop factor

6.02

5.62

Total megapixels

5.00

Effective megapixels

5.00

12.10

Optical zoom

Digital zoom

Yes

ISO sensitivity

Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400

Auto, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600

RAW

Manual focus

Normal focus range

50 cm

40 cm

Macro focus range

3 cm

Focal length (35mm equiv.)

35 - 105 mm

35 - 140 mm

Aperture priority

Max. aperture

f2.8 - f4.9

f2.7 - f5.6

Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)

f16.9 - f29.5

f15.2 - f31.5

Metering

Multi, Center-weighted, Spot

Centre weighted, Evaluative, Spot

Exposure compensation

±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)

Shutter priority

Min. shutter speed

15 sec

Max. shutter speed

1/1500 sec

1/1600 sec

Built-in flash

External flash

Viewfinder

Optical (tunnel)

None

White balance presets

Screen size

2.5"

2.7"

Screen resolution

115,000 dots

230,000 dots

Video capture

Max. video resolution

Storage types

SD/MMC card

SDHC, Secure Digital

USB

USB 1.0

USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)

HDMI

Wireless

GPS

Battery

Lithium-Ion NB-4L battery

Lithium-Ion NB-8L rechargeable battery

Weight

155 g

125 g

Dimensions

86 x 54 x 22 mm

97 x 58 x 28 mm

Year

2005

2010

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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:

Diagonal = √

w² + h²

where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Canon SD450 diagonal

The diagonal of SD450 sensor is not 1/2.5 or 0.4" (10.2 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.19 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 5.75 mm
h = 4.32 mm

Diagonal = √

5.75² + 4.32²

= 7.19 mm

Canon A3100 IS diagonal

The diagonal of A3100 IS sensor is not 1/2.3 or 0.43" (11 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.7 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 6.16 mm
h = 4.62 mm

Diagonal = √

6.16² + 4.62²

= 7.70 mm

Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

SD450 sensor area

Width = 5.75 mm
Height = 4.32 mm

Surface area = 5.75 × 4.32 = 24.84 mm²

A3100 IS sensor area

Width = 6.16 mm
Height = 4.62 mm

Surface area = 6.16 × 4.62 = 28.46 mm²

Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:

Pixel pitch =	sensor width in mm	× 1000
	sensor resolution width in pixels

SD450 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2579 pixels

Pixel pitch =	5.75	× 1000	= 2.23 µm
	2579

A3100 IS pixel pitch

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4011 pixels

Pixel pitch =	6.16	× 1000	= 1.54 µm
	4011

Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:

Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:

Pixel area =	sensor surface area in mm²
	effective megapixels

SD450 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 2.23 µm

Pixel area = 2.23² = 4.97 µm²

A3100 IS pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.54 µm

Pixel area = 1.54² = 2.37 µm²

Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:

Pixel density = (	sensor resolution width in pixels	)² / 1000000
	sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:

Pixel density =	effective megapixels × 1000000	/ 10000
	sensor surface area in mm²

SD450 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 2579 pixels
Sensor width = 0.575 cm

Pixel density = (2579 / 0.575)² / 1000000 = 20.12 MP/cm²

A3100 IS pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4011 pixels
Sensor width = 0.616 cm

Pixel density = (4011 / 0.616)² / 1000000 = 42.4 MP/cm²

Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:

(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000 →

X = √	effective megapixels × 1000000
	r

3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

SD450 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor height = 4.32 mm
Effective megapixels = 5.00

r = 5.75/4.32 = 1.33

X = √	5.00 × 1000000	= 1939
	1.33

Resolution horizontal: X × r = 1939 × 1.33 = 2579
Resolution vertical: X = 1939

Sensor resolution = 2579 x 1939

A3100 IS sensor resolution

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor height = 4.62 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.10

r = 6.16/4.62 = 1.33

X = √	12.10 × 1000000	= 3016
	1.33

Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3016 × 1.33 = 4011
Resolution vertical: X = 3016

Sensor resolution = 4011 x 3016

Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.

Crop factor =	43.27 mm
	sensor diagonal in mm

SD450 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.19 mm

Crop factor =	43.27	= 6.02
	7.19

A3100 IS crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.70 mm

Crop factor =	43.27	= 5.62
	7.70

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

SD450 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 6.02
Aperture = f2.8 - f4.9

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.8 - f4.9) × 6.02 = f16.9 - f29.5

A3100 IS equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 5.62
Aperture = f2.7 - f5.6

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.7 - f5.6) × 5.62 = f15.2 - f31.5

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