Nikon Coolpix 4500 vs. Nikon Coolpix P5100

Comparison

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Coolpix 4500 image
vs
Coolpix P5100 image
Nikon Coolpix 4500 Nikon Coolpix P5100
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Megapixels
3.90
12.10
Max. image resolution
2272 x 1704
4000 x 3000

Sensor

Sensor type
CCD
CCD
Sensor size
1/1.8" (~ 7.11 x 5.33 mm)
1/1.72" (~ 7.44 x 5.58 mm)
Sensor resolution
2277 x 1712
4011 x 3016
Diagonal
8.89 mm
9.30 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1 : 1.1
(ratio)
Nikon Coolpix 4500 Nikon Coolpix P5100
Surface area:
37.90 mm² vs 41.52 mm²
Difference: 3.62 mm² (10%)
P5100 sensor is approx. 1.1x bigger than 4500 sensor.
Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 5 year gap between Nikon 4500 (2002) and Nikon P5100 (2007). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.
Pixel pitch
3.12 µm
1.85 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 1.27 µm (69%)
Pixel pitch of 4500 is approx. 69% higher than pixel pitch of P5100.
Pixel area
9.73 µm²
3.42 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 6.31 µm² (185%)
A pixel on Nikon 4500 sensor is approx. 185% bigger than a pixel on Nikon P5100.
Pixel density
10.26 MP/cm²
29.06 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 18.8 µm (183%)
Nikon P5100 has approx. 183% higher pixel density than Nikon 4500.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Nikon 4500
Nikon P5100
Crop factor
4.87
4.65
Total megapixels
4.10
12.40
Effective megapixels
3.90
12.10
Optical zoom
4.1x
3.5x
Digital zoom
Yes
Yes
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 100, 200, 400, 800
Auto, (64 - 800), 64, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 2000
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
30 cm
30 cm
Macro focus range
2 cm
4 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
38 - 155 mm
35 - 123 mm
Aperture priority
Yes
Yes
Max. aperture
f2.6 - f5.1
f2.7 - f5.3
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
f12.7 - f24.8
f12.6 - f24.6
Metering
256-segment Matrix, Centre weighted, Spot, Spot-AF
Multi, Center-weighted, Spot
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
Yes
Yes
Min. shutter speed
Bulb+8 sec
8 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/2300 sec
1/2000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Optical (tunnel)
Optical (tunnel)
White balance presets
7
5
Screen size
1.5"
2.5"
Screen resolution
110,000 dots
230,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
Storage types
CompactFlash type I, CompactFlash type II, Microdrive
SD/SDHC card, Internal
USB
USB 1.0
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Nikon EN-EL1 Lithium-Ion included
Nikon EN-EL5 Lithium-Ion
Weight
420 g
250 g
Dimensions
130 x 73 x 50 mm
98 x 65 x 41 mm
Year
2002
2007




Choose cameras to compare

vs

Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Nikon 4500 diagonal

The diagonal of 4500 sensor is not 1/1.8 or 0.56" (14.1 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 8.89 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 7.11 mm
h = 5.33 mm
Diagonal =  7.11² + 5.33²   = 8.89 mm

Nikon P5100 diagonal

The diagonal of P5100 sensor is not 1/1.72 or 0.58" (14.8 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 9.3 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 7.44 mm
h = 5.58 mm
Diagonal =  7.44² + 5.58²   = 9.30 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

4500 sensor area

Width = 7.11 mm
Height = 5.33 mm

Surface area = 7.11 × 5.33 = 37.90 mm²

P5100 sensor area

Width = 7.44 mm
Height = 5.58 mm

Surface area = 7.44 × 5.58 = 41.52 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

4500 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 7.11 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2277 pixels
Pixel pitch =   7.11  × 1000  = 3.12 µm
2277

P5100 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 7.44 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4011 pixels
Pixel pitch =   7.44  × 1000  = 1.85 µm
4011


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

4500 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 3.12 µm

Pixel area = 3.12² = 9.73 µm²

P5100 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.85 µm

Pixel area = 1.85² = 3.42 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

4500 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 2277 pixels
Sensor width = 0.711 cm

Pixel density = (2277 / 0.711)² / 1000000 = 10.26 MP/cm²

P5100 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4011 pixels
Sensor width = 0.744 cm

Pixel density = (4011 / 0.744)² / 1000000 = 29.06 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

4500 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 7.11 mm
Sensor height = 5.33 mm
Effective megapixels = 3.90
r = 7.11/5.33 = 1.33
X =  3.90 × 1000000  = 1712
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 1712 × 1.33 = 2277
Resolution vertical: X = 1712

Sensor resolution = 2277 x 1712

P5100 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 7.44 mm
Sensor height = 5.58 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.10
r = 7.44/5.58 = 1.33
X =  12.10 × 1000000  = 3016
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3016 × 1.33 = 4011
Resolution vertical: X = 3016

Sensor resolution = 4011 x 3016


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


4500 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 8.89 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 4.87
8.89

P5100 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 9.30 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 4.65
9.30

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

4500 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 4.87
Aperture = f2.6 - f5.1

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.6 - f5.1) × 4.87 = f12.7 - f24.8

P5100 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 4.65
Aperture = f2.7 - f5.3

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.7 - f5.3) × 4.65 = f12.6 - f24.6

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