Nikon Coolpix 4500 vs. Nikon Coolpix S4
Comparison
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| Nikon Coolpix 4500 | Nikon Coolpix S4 | ||||
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Megapixels
3.90
6.00
Max. image resolution
2272 x 1704
2816 x 2112
Sensor
Sensor type
CCD
CCD
Sensor size
1/1.8" (~ 7.11 x 5.33 mm)
1/2.5" (~ 5.75 x 4.32 mm)
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera.
Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the
sensor, the better the image quality.
Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.
Learn more about sensor sizes »
Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.
Learn more about sensor sizes »
Actual sensor size
Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
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| 1.53 | : | 1 |
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| Nikon Coolpix 4500 | Nikon Coolpix S4 | |
Surface area:
| 37.90 mm² | vs | 24.84 mm² |
Difference: 13.06 mm² (53%)
4500 sensor is approx. 1.53x bigger than S4 sensor.
Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations.
There is a 3 year gap between Nikon 4500 (2002) and Nikon S4 (2005).
All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.
The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered.
The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.
Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 5.57 µm² (134%)
A pixel on Nikon 4500 sensor is approx. 134% bigger than a pixel on Nikon S4.
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one
square cm of the sensor.
Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers,
click here.
Specs
Nikon 4500
Nikon S4
Total megapixels
4.10
6.40
Effective megapixels
3.90
6.00
Optical zoom
4.1x
10x
Digital zoom
Yes
Yes
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 100, 200, 400, 800
Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
30 cm
30 cm
Macro focus range
2 cm
4 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
38 - 155 mm
38 - 380 mm
Aperture priority
Yes
No
Max. aperture
f2.6 - f5.1
f3.5
Metering
256-segment Matrix, Centre weighted, Spot, Spot-AF
256-segment Matrix
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
Yes
No
Min. shutter speed
Bulb+8 sec
2 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/2300 sec
1/1000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
Optical (tunnel)
None
White balance presets
7
7
Screen size
1.5"
2.5"
Screen resolution
110,000 dots
110,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
Storage types
CompactFlash type I, CompactFlash type II, Microdrive
Secure Digital
USB
USB 1.0
USB 1.0
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
Nikon EN-EL1 Lithium-Ion included
AA NiMH (2) batteries (supplied)
Weight
420 g
205 g
Dimensions
130 x 73 x 50 mm
111.5 x 68.5 x 37 mm
Year
2002
2005
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Diagonal
Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height
| Diagonal = √ | w² + h² |
Nikon 4500 diagonal
The diagonal of 4500 sensor is not 1/1.8 or 0.56" (14.1 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of
that value - 8.89 mm. If you want to know why, see
sensor sizes.
w = 7.11 mm
h = 5.33 mm
w = 7.11 mm
h = 5.33 mm
| Diagonal = √ | 7.11² + 5.33² | = 8.89 mm |
Nikon S4 diagonal
The diagonal of S4 sensor is not 1/2.5 or 0.4" (10.2 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of
that value - 7.19 mm. If you want to know why, see
sensor sizes.
w = 5.75 mm
h = 4.32 mm
w = 5.75 mm
h = 4.32 mm
| Diagonal = √ | 5.75² + 4.32² | = 7.19 mm |
Surface area
Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.
4500 sensor area
Width = 7.11 mm
Height = 5.33 mm
Surface area = 7.11 × 5.33 = 37.90 mm²
Height = 5.33 mm
Surface area = 7.11 × 5.33 = 37.90 mm²
S4 sensor area
Width = 5.75 mm
Height = 4.32 mm
Surface area = 5.75 × 4.32 = 24.84 mm²
Height = 4.32 mm
Surface area = 5.75 × 4.32 = 24.84 mm²
Pixel pitch
Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the
next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
| Pixel pitch = | sensor width in mm | × 1000 |
| sensor resolution width in pixels |
4500 pixel pitch
Sensor width = 7.11 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2277 pixels
Sensor resolution width = 2277 pixels
| Pixel pitch = | 7.11 | × 1000 | = 3.12 µm |
| 2277 |
S4 pixel pitch
Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor resolution width = 2825 pixels
Sensor resolution width = 2825 pixels
| Pixel pitch = | 5.75 | × 1000 | = 2.04 µm |
| 2825 |
Pixel area
The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²
You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
| Pixel area = | sensor surface area in mm² |
| effective megapixels |
4500 pixel area
Pixel pitch = 3.12 µm
Pixel area = 3.12² = 9.73 µm²
Pixel area = 3.12² = 9.73 µm²
S4 pixel area
Pixel pitch = 2.04 µm
Pixel area = 2.04² = 4.16 µm²
Pixel area = 2.04² = 4.16 µm²
Pixel density
Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
One could also use this formula:
| Pixel density = ( | sensor resolution width in pixels | )² / 1000000 |
| sensor width in cm |
One could also use this formula:
| Pixel density = | effective megapixels × 1000000 | / 10000 |
| sensor surface area in mm² |
4500 pixel density
Sensor resolution width = 2277 pixels
Sensor width = 0.711 cm
Pixel density = (2277 / 0.711)² / 1000000 = 10.26 MP/cm²
Sensor width = 0.711 cm
Pixel density = (2277 / 0.711)² / 1000000 = 10.26 MP/cm²
S4 pixel density
Sensor resolution width = 2825 pixels
Sensor width = 0.575 cm
Pixel density = (2825 / 0.575)² / 1000000 = 24.14 MP/cm²
Sensor width = 0.575 cm
Pixel density = (2825 / 0.575)² / 1000000 = 24.14 MP/cm²
Sensor resolution
Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher
than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications.
Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula.
For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.
1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.
2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:
Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X
1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.
2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
| (X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000 → |
|
Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X
4500 sensor resolution
Sensor width = 7.11 mm
Sensor height = 5.33 mm
Effective megapixels = 3.90
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 1712 × 1.33 = 2277
Resolution vertical: X = 1712
Sensor resolution = 2277 x 1712
Sensor height = 5.33 mm
Effective megapixels = 3.90
| r = 7.11/5.33 = 1.33 |
|
Resolution vertical: X = 1712
Sensor resolution = 2277 x 1712
S4 sensor resolution
Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor height = 4.32 mm
Effective megapixels = 6.00
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2124 × 1.33 = 2825
Resolution vertical: X = 2124
Sensor resolution = 2825 x 2124
Sensor height = 4.32 mm
Effective megapixels = 6.00
| r = 5.75/4.32 = 1.33 |
|
Resolution vertical: X = 2124
Sensor resolution = 2825 x 2124
Crop factor
Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal
of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
| Crop factor = | 43.27 mm |
| sensor diagonal in mm |
4500 crop factor
Sensor diagonal in mm = 8.89 mm
| Crop factor = | 43.27 | = 4.87 |
| 8.89 |
S4 crop factor
Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.19 mm
| Crop factor = | 43.27 | = 6.02 |
| 7.19 |
35 mm equivalent aperture
Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture
with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).
4500 equivalent aperture
Crop factor = 4.87
Aperture = f2.6 - f5.1
35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.6 - f5.1) × 4.87 = f12.7 - f24.8
Aperture = f2.6 - f5.1
35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.6 - f5.1) × 4.87 = f12.7 - f24.8
S4 equivalent aperture
Crop factor = 6.02
Aperture = f3.5
35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3.5) × 6.02 = f21.1
Aperture = f3.5
35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3.5) × 6.02 = f21.1
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