Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C vs. Leica D-LUX 4

Comparison

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Luxmedia 16-Z21C image
vs
D-LUX 4 image
Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C Leica D-LUX 4
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Megapixels
16.00
10.10
Max. image resolution
4608 x 3456
3648 x 2736

Sensor

Sensor type
CMOS
CCD
Sensor size
1/2.3" (~ 6.16 x 4.62 mm)
1/1.63" (~ 7.85 x 5.89 mm)
Sensor resolution
4612 x 3468
3665 x 2756
Diagonal
7.70 mm
9.81 mm
Sensor size comparison
Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »
vs
1 : 1.62
(ratio)
Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C Leica D-LUX 4
Surface area:
28.46 mm² vs 46.24 mm²
Difference: 17.78 mm² (62%)
D-LUX 4 sensor is approx. 1.62x bigger than Luxmedia 16-Z21C sensor.
Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 3 year gap between Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C (2011) and Leica D-LUX 4 (2008). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.
Pixel pitch
1.34 µm
2.14 µm
Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.
Difference: 0.8 µm (60%)
Pixel pitch of D-LUX 4 is approx. 60% higher than pixel pitch of Luxmedia 16-Z21C.
Pixel area
1.8 µm²
4.58 µm²
Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.
Relative pixel sizes:
vs
Pixel area difference: 2.78 µm² (154%)
A pixel on Leica D-LUX 4 sensor is approx. 154% bigger than a pixel on Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C.
Pixel density
56.06 MP/cm²
21.8 MP/cm²
Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.
Difference: 34.26 µm (157%)
Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C has approx. 157% higher pixel density than Leica D-LUX 4.
To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.



Specs

Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C
Leica D-LUX 4
Crop factor
5.62
4.41
Total megapixels
11.30
Effective megapixels
16.00
10.10
Optical zoom
21x
2.5x
Digital zoom
Yes
Yes
ISO sensitivity
Auto, 160, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400
Auto, 80, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200
RAW
Manual focus
Normal focus range
50 cm
Macro focus range
1 cm
Focal length (35mm equiv.)
25 - 525 mm
24 - 60 mm
Aperture priority
No
Yes
Max. aperture
f3 - f5.8
f2.0 - f2.8
Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)
f16.9 - f32.6
f8.8 - f12.3
Metering
Multi, center, spot
Centre weighted, Matrix, Spot
Exposure compensation
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)
Shutter priority
No
Yes
Min. shutter speed
1 sec
60 sec
Max. shutter speed
1/2000 sec
1/2000 sec
Built-in flash
External flash
Viewfinder
None
Optical (optional)
White balance presets
5
7
Screen size
3"
3"
Screen resolution
460,800 dots
460,000 dots
Video capture
Max. video resolution
Storage types
SD/SDHC/SDXC
SDHC, Secure Digital
USB
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)
HDMI
Wireless
GPS
Battery
4 x AA Alcaline or NiMh
Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery
Weight
360 g
228 g
Dimensions
112.5 x 76 x 63.5 mm
108.7 x 59.5 x 27.1 mm
Year
2011
2008




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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:
Diagonal =  w² + h²
where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Praktica Luxmedia 16-Z21C diagonal

The diagonal of Luxmedia 16-Z21C sensor is not 1/2.3 or 0.43" (11 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.7 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 6.16 mm
h = 4.62 mm
Diagonal =  6.16² + 4.62²   = 7.70 mm

Leica D-LUX 4 diagonal

The diagonal of D-LUX 4 sensor is not 1/1.63 or 0.61" (15.6 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 9.81 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 7.85 mm
h = 5.89 mm
Diagonal =  7.85² + 5.89²   = 9.81 mm


Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

Luxmedia 16-Z21C sensor area

Width = 6.16 mm
Height = 4.62 mm

Surface area = 6.16 × 4.62 = 28.46 mm²

D-LUX 4 sensor area

Width = 7.85 mm
Height = 5.89 mm

Surface area = 7.85 × 5.89 = 46.24 mm²


Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel pitch =   sensor width in mm  × 1000
sensor resolution width in pixels

Luxmedia 16-Z21C pixel pitch

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4612 pixels
Pixel pitch =   6.16  × 1000  = 1.34 µm
4612

D-LUX 4 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 7.85 mm
Sensor resolution width = 3665 pixels
Pixel pitch =   7.85  × 1000  = 2.14 µm
3665


Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:
Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:
Pixel area =   sensor surface area in mm²
effective megapixels

Luxmedia 16-Z21C pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.34 µm

Pixel area = 1.34² = 1.8 µm²

D-LUX 4 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 2.14 µm

Pixel area = 2.14² = 4.58 µm²


Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:
Pixel density =  ( sensor resolution width in pixels )² / 1000000
sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:
Pixel density =   effective megapixels × 1000000  / 10000
sensor surface area in mm²

Luxmedia 16-Z21C pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4612 pixels
Sensor width = 0.616 cm

Pixel density = (4612 / 0.616)² / 1000000 = 56.06 MP/cm²

D-LUX 4 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 3665 pixels
Sensor width = 0.785 cm

Pixel density = (3665 / 0.785)² / 1000000 = 21.8 MP/cm²


Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:
(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000    →   
X =  effective megapixels × 1000000
r
3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

Luxmedia 16-Z21C sensor resolution

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor height = 4.62 mm
Effective megapixels = 16.00
r = 6.16/4.62 = 1.33
X =  16.00 × 1000000  = 3468
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3468 × 1.33 = 4612
Resolution vertical: X = 3468

Sensor resolution = 4612 x 3468

D-LUX 4 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 7.85 mm
Sensor height = 5.89 mm
Effective megapixels = 10.10
r = 7.85/5.89 = 1.33
X =  10.10 × 1000000  = 2756
1.33
Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2756 × 1.33 = 3665
Resolution vertical: X = 2756

Sensor resolution = 3665 x 2756


Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.
Crop factor =   43.27 mm
sensor diagonal in mm


Luxmedia 16-Z21C crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.70 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 5.62
7.70

D-LUX 4 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 9.81 mm
Crop factor =   43.27  = 4.41
9.81

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

Luxmedia 16-Z21C equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 5.62
Aperture = f3 - f5.8

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3 - f5.8) × 5.62 = f16.9 - f32.6

D-LUX 4 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 4.41
Aperture = f2.0 - f2.8

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f2.0 - f2.8) × 4.41 = f8.8 - f12.3

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