Vivitar ViviCam 7100s vs. Nikon Coolpix L22

Comparison

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Vivitar ViviCam 7100s

Nikon Coolpix L22

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Megapixels

7.00

12.20

Max. image resolution

3072 x 2304

4000 x 3000

Sensor

Sensor type

CCD

Sensor size

1/2.5" (~ 5.75 x 4.32 mm)

1/2.3" (~ 6.16 x 4.62 mm)

Sensor resolution

3051 x 2294

4029 x 3029

Diagonal

7.19 mm

7.70 mm

Sensor size comparison

Sensor size is generally a good indicator of the quality of the camera. Sensors can vary greatly in size. As a general rule, the bigger the sensor, the better the image quality.

Bigger sensors are more effective because they have more surface area to capture light. An important factor when comparing digital cameras is also camera generation. Generally, newer sensors will outperform the older.

Learn more about sensor sizes »

Actual sensor size

Note: Actual size is set to screen → change »

	vs
1	:	1.15
(ratio)

Vivitar ViviCam 7100s		Nikon Coolpix L22

Surface area:

24.84 mm²

28.46 mm²

Difference: 3.62 mm² (15%)

L22 sensor is approx. 1.15x bigger than 7100s sensor.

Note: You are comparing cameras of different generations. There is a 3 year gap between Vivitar 7100s (2007) and Nikon L22 (2010). All things being equal, newer sensor generations generally outperform the older.

Pixel pitch

1.88 µm

1.53 µm

Pixel pitch tells you the distance from the center of one pixel (photosite) to the center of the next. It tells you how close the pixels are to each other.

The bigger the pixel pitch, the further apart they are and the bigger each pixel is. Bigger pixels tend to have better signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range.

Difference: 0.35 µm (23%)

Pixel pitch of 7100s is approx. 23% higher than pixel pitch of L22.

Pixel area

3.53 µm²

2.34 µm²

Pixel or photosite area affects how much light per pixel can be gathered. The larger it is the more light can be collected by a single pixel.

Larger pixels have the potential to collect more photons, resulting in greater dynamic range, while smaller pixels provide higher resolutions (more detail) for a given sensor size.

Relative pixel sizes:

Pixel area difference: 1.19 µm² (51%)

A pixel on Vivitar 7100s sensor is approx. 51% bigger than a pixel on Nikon L22.

Pixel density

28.15 MP/cm²

42.78 MP/cm²

Pixel density tells you how many million pixels fit or would fit in one square cm of the sensor.

Higher pixel density means smaller pixels and lower pixel density means larger pixels.

Difference: 14.63 µm (52%)

Nikon L22 has approx. 52% higher pixel density than Vivitar 7100s.

To learn about the accuracy of these numbers, click here.

Specs

Vivitar 7100s

Nikon L22

Crop factor

6.02

5.62

Total megapixels

12.40

Effective megapixels

12.20

Optical zoom

3.6x

Digital zoom

Yes

ISO sensitivity

Auto, 50, 100, 200, 400

Auto

RAW

Manual focus

Normal focus range

120 cm

30 cm

Macro focus range

60 cm

5 cm

Focal length (35mm equiv.)

35 mm

37 - 134 mm

Aperture priority

Max. aperture

f3.2

f3.1 - f6.7

Max. aperture (35mm equiv.)

f19.3

f17.4 - f37.7

Metering

Centre weighted

Multi, Center-weighted, Spot

Exposure compensation

±2 EV (in 1/3 EV steps)

Shutter priority

Min. shutter speed

8 sec

Max. shutter speed

1/2000 sec

Built-in flash

External flash

Viewfinder

None

White balance presets

Screen size

2.36"

Screen resolution

230,000 dots

Video capture

Max. video resolution

Storage types

Secure Digital

SDHC, Secure Digital

USB

USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/sec)

HDMI

Wireless

GPS

Battery

Li-Ion

2 x AA batteries (Alkaline, NiMH or Lithium)

Weight

183 g

Dimensions

89.5 x 56 x 21.5 mm

98 x 61 x 28 mm

Year

2007

2010

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Diagonal

Diagonal is calculated by the use of Pythagorean theorem:

Diagonal = √

w² + h²

where w = sensor width and h = sensor height

Vivitar 7100s diagonal

The diagonal of 7100s sensor is not 1/2.5 or 0.4" (10.2 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.19 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 5.75 mm
h = 4.32 mm

Diagonal = √

5.75² + 4.32²

= 7.19 mm

Nikon L22 diagonal

The diagonal of L22 sensor is not 1/2.3 or 0.43" (11 mm) as you might expect, but approximately two thirds of that value - 7.7 mm. If you want to know why, see sensor sizes.

w = 6.16 mm
h = 4.62 mm

Diagonal = √

6.16² + 4.62²

= 7.70 mm

Surface area

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the width and the height of a sensor.

7100s sensor area

Width = 5.75 mm
Height = 4.32 mm

Surface area = 5.75 × 4.32 = 24.84 mm²

L22 sensor area

Width = 6.16 mm
Height = 4.62 mm

Surface area = 6.16 × 4.62 = 28.46 mm²

Pixel pitch

Pixel pitch is the distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the next measured in micrometers (µm). It can be calculated with the following formula:

Pixel pitch =	sensor width in mm	× 1000
	sensor resolution width in pixels

7100s pixel pitch

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor resolution width = 3051 pixels

Pixel pitch =	5.75	× 1000	= 1.88 µm
	3051

L22 pixel pitch

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor resolution width = 4029 pixels

Pixel pitch =	6.16	× 1000	= 1.53 µm
	4029

Pixel area

The area of one pixel can be calculated by simply squaring the pixel pitch:

Pixel area = pixel pitch²

You could also divide sensor surface area with effective megapixels:

Pixel area =	sensor surface area in mm²
	effective megapixels

7100s pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.88 µm

Pixel area = 1.88² = 3.53 µm²

L22 pixel area

Pixel pitch = 1.53 µm

Pixel area = 1.53² = 2.34 µm²

Pixel density

Pixel density can be calculated with the following formula:

Pixel density = (	sensor resolution width in pixels	)² / 1000000
	sensor width in cm

One could also use this formula:

Pixel density =	effective megapixels × 1000000	/ 10000
	sensor surface area in mm²

7100s pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 3051 pixels
Sensor width = 0.575 cm

Pixel density = (3051 / 0.575)² / 1000000 = 28.15 MP/cm²

L22 pixel density

Sensor resolution width = 4029 pixels
Sensor width = 0.616 cm

Pixel density = (4029 / 0.616)² / 1000000 = 42.78 MP/cm²

Sensor resolution

Sensor resolution is calculated from sensor size and effective megapixels. It's slightly higher than maximum (not interpolated) image resolution which is usually stated on camera specifications. Sensor resolution is used in pixel pitch, pixel area, and pixel density formula. For sake of simplicity, we're going to calculate it in 3 stages.

1. First we need to find the ratio between horizontal and vertical length by dividing the former with the latter (aspect ratio). It's usually 1.33 (4:3) or 1.5 (3:2), but not always.

2. With the ratio (r) known we can calculate the X from the formula below, where X is a vertical number of pixels:

(X × r) × X = effective megapixels × 1000000 →

X = √	effective megapixels × 1000000
	r

3. To get sensor resolution we then multiply X with the corresponding ratio:

Resolution horizontal: X × r
Resolution vertical: X

7100s sensor resolution

Sensor width = 5.75 mm
Sensor height = 4.32 mm
Effective megapixels = 7.00

r = 5.75/4.32 = 1.33

X = √	7.00 × 1000000	= 2294
	1.33

Resolution horizontal: X × r = 2294 × 1.33 = 3051
Resolution vertical: X = 2294

Sensor resolution = 3051 x 2294

L22 sensor resolution

Sensor width = 6.16 mm
Sensor height = 4.62 mm
Effective megapixels = 12.20

r = 6.16/4.62 = 1.33

X = √	12.20 × 1000000	= 3029
	1.33

Resolution horizontal: X × r = 3029 × 1.33 = 4029
Resolution vertical: X = 3029

Sensor resolution = 4029 x 3029

Crop factor

Crop factor or focal length multiplier is calculated by dividing the diagonal of 35 mm film (43.27 mm) with the diagonal of the sensor.

Crop factor =	43.27 mm
	sensor diagonal in mm

7100s crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.19 mm

Crop factor =	43.27	= 6.02
	7.19

L22 crop factor

Sensor diagonal in mm = 7.70 mm

Crop factor =	43.27	= 5.62
	7.70

35 mm equivalent aperture

Equivalent aperture (in 135 film terms) is calculated by multiplying lens aperture with crop factor (a.k.a. focal length multiplier).

7100s equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 6.02
Aperture = f3.2

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3.2) × 6.02 = f19.3

L22 equivalent aperture

Crop factor = 5.62
Aperture = f3.1 - f6.7

35-mm equivalent aperture = (f3.1 - f6.7) × 5.62 = f17.4 - f37.7

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